Veterinary Science Refresher -1



  • Bacterial disease in which Pasteur’s vaccine used- Anthrax
  • ‘Para anthrax’ in pigs caused by- Cl. septicum
  • Foot rot in sheep is caused by – Bacterioides nodosus
  • Duck Plague is the synonym for –Duck Viral Enteritis
  • The indistinct margins of a radiograph due to a large focal spot of X-ray beam -penumbra.
  • The optimum temperature of developing and fixing solutions in radiography is -68F
  • Avian influenza virus has 8 gene segments
  • M. leprae can be cultivated in vivo only in- Armadillo
  • State of unresponsiveness towards an antigen is – Anergy
  • The cholinergic drug that cannot be hydrolyzed by AchE is -carbachol
  • The penetrating power of X-ray beam depends on – kvp
  • Anaesthesia produced by combination of drugs is termed as-Balanced anaesthesia
  • Antigen-Antibody complexes present in dentrites of Dentritic cells- Iccosomes
  • BCG is an attenuated form of – Mycobacterium bovis
  • Vitamin C is used as an antidote to —Nitrate—–poisoning
  • Oseltamivir is the drug of choice against- Bird flu in humans
  • The species of animal in which Ivermectin crosses the BBB- Equines
  • The only anaesthetic agent known to be carcinogenic- fluoroxene
  • The drugs contraindicated in parakeets & cats respectively are- procaine & morphine
  • The species most sensitive to the ill-effects of xylazine – cattle
  • A pantropic virus that commonly affects Canines- Canine distemper virus
  • Symplasma stage in submucosa is seen in- Johne’s Disease

  • Oestrogenic mycotoxin causing reproductive disorders in swine is- Zearalenone
  • ‘Blue eye’ or Rubarth’s Disease is the synonym for- Infectious Canine Hepatitis
  • Which is the most potent opiate analgesic? carfentanil
  • Name a benzodiazepine antagonist- flumazenil
  • Ketamine is contraindicated in head injuries as it reduces -Intra cranial pressure
  • The subtype of Avian flu virus causing human casualties around the world- H5N1
  • Mad cow disease is caused by- Prions
  • Cold enrichment procedure is done for the isolation of – Listeria
  • ‘J’ chain is present in immunoglobulins- IgA and IgM
  • In the body, Chloral hydrate is converted to – tricholoroethanol
  • Name one anaesthetic agent which is steroid in nature- Althesin
  • Dose of Anthrax vaccine- 1ml s/c
  • Anaphylatoxins are- C3a and C5a
  • The specific antidote of Morphine is- Nalorphine
  • Dunkop (pulmonary) and Dikkop (cardiac) are two forms of – African Horse Sickness
  • ‘Wire loop’ lesions in the glomerular basement membrane seen in- SLE
  • The drug used to stabilize mast cells- Cromolyn sodium
  • Hyaluronidase– enzyme used with local anaesthetics to promote its diffusion and absorption
  • Milbemycin oxime is obtained from-Streptomyces hygroscopicus
  • Name a suture material that glows in darkness easy to handle in poor light- Flurofil
  • Cardinal Signs of Inflammation was propounded by- Cornelius Celsus
  • FMD virus multiplies in the ——Str.spinosum——— layer of epidermis
  • Father of Immunology is- Edward Jenner
  • Lamsiekte in cattle and sheep is caused by – Cl.botulinum type D.
  • Vaccine strain of B.anthracis is – Aviurlent and Non capsulated
  • Monsell’s suture technique is used in – Enteroanastomosis
  • Ethylene oxide is a gaseous agent used for sterilization kills microorganisms by-alkylation..
  • VitC is necessary for hydroxylation of proline & lysine in synthesis of -collagen
  • ‘Bomb burst’ or ‘Umbrella like’ colonies are characteristic of – Listeria
  • Influenza virus is typed based on Matrix and Nucleocapsid antigen
  • The conversion of DHFA to THFA is blocked by- Trimethoprim
  • Examples of pencillinase resistant pencillins- Methicillin and Cloxacillin
  • First immunoglobulin to be synthesized in Neonates- IgM.
  • ‘Abortion storms’ in sheep is caused by- Campylobacter foetus
  • Vaccine strain used for prophylaxis of IBD infection-Georgia
  • Which is the only benzimidazole drug that wont inhibit Fumarate reductase- mebendazole
  • Name an  anthelminthic which was previously used to treat human gout- piperazine
  • The experimental animal used for FMD research is – Guinea pig
  • The no: of Capsomers in Adenoviruses is- 252
  • The source of Vero cell line is – African Green Monkey (Kidney)
  • Heat resistant ability of sporulated bacterium is due to the compound-Ca dipicholinate
  • The generation of monoclonal antibodies involves-Salvage pathway
  • Antibiotic which can also function as an anthelminthic agent is- Hygromycin B
  • Ivermectin toxicity can be reversed by using – Picrotoxin
  • Cucurbitin, an active principle in Pumpkin seed is used for the treatment for-Cestodiasis
  • Name a live vaccine previously used against rabies- Flury’s LEP & HEP

  • Periarticular lymphoid sheath (PALS) is populated by T lymphocytes are seen in-Spleen
  • Habel’s testing (mouse test) is done for the diagnostic assessment of- Rabies
  • Most immunogenic viral polypeptide of FMD virus is – VP1
  • Rabbits show genetic tolerance towards- Atropine
  • The diuretic that cannot be given along with aminoglycoside antibiotics- Furosemide
  • The antibiotic Gentamicin is obtained from- Micromonosporum purpureum
  • Ochratoxin primarily causing renal impairment is produced by- Aspergillus ochraceus
  • Name the smallest animal virus- Porcine circovirus (17-20nm)., FMDV is of 28-30nm size.
  • Pyometra in bitches is caused by –E.coli
  • Strawberry foot rot is caused by-Dermatophilus congolensis
  • Drug of choice for mycoplasmosis- Tylosin
  • ‘Tennis racket’ shaped spores are present in- Cl. chauvoei
  • Psittacosis or Ornithosis in birds is caused by- Chlamydophila psittaci
  • The proton pump inhibitor used to treat Zollinger-Ellison syndrome-Omeprazole
  • Rabies virus (bullet shaped) belongs to the genus- Lyssa virus
  • ‘Bull Nose’ in pigs is caused by- Fusobacterium necrophorus
  • DNA virus that codes for reverse transcriptase enzyme- Hepadna virus
  • Chronic Respiratory Disease in birds is caused by – Mycoplasma gallisepticum
  • Immediate precursor of all sex steroids- Pregnenalone
  • In avian tuberculosis the lesion are confined to – GI tract
  • Name a commonly used AchE reactivator- Pralidoxime.
  • Piperonyl butoxide is used as a synergist along with -Pyrethroids
  • HVT is the vaccine strain used against- Marek’s Disease
  • In B.abortus, the ratio between LPS antigens A and M is – 20:1
  • Kume and Page Scheme is used for the classification of- Haemophilus
  • ‘Reverse Genetics’ is nowadays used for the production of vaccine strains of – Avian flu virus
  • Drug of choice against Theileriosis is -Buparvaquone
  • With H&E staining the calcified tissue appears -Blue
  • The toxic level of Aflatoxin in ducklings is- 0.03ppm
  • Summer Mastitis in cattle is caused by -C. pyogenes
  • Heart Water disease is caused by- Cowdria ruminantium
  • EMJH medium is commonly used for the cultivation of -Leptospira
  • Hoti’s test is used for detecting -Str. agalactiae mastitis
  • Infectious Bulbar Paralysis is the synonym for- Psuedorabies
  • Sulphonamides are metabolized by acetylation in ruminants and glucuronidation in canines.
  • Scythe shaped spleen is seen in -Horses
  • The most important symptom of anthrax in dogs is -Gastroenteritis.
  • Braxy in sheep is caused by -Cl. septicum.
  • The microbes that have the ability to survive pasteurization temp is -Listeria and Coxiella
  • Techoic acid is present in the cell wall of – Gram + bacteria
  • Route of inoculation in chicken embryos is intravenous for Blue tongue virus
  • ‘Darling disease’ is caused by – Histoplasma
  • New Jersey, Indiana and Trinidad are strains of – Vesicular stomatitis virus
  • Diene staining is used for – Mycoplasma
  • Aspergillus flavus in SDA produces-Yellowish green colonies
  • Cork screw motility is shown by -Campylobacter
  • Turkey coryza which is highly contagious is caused by – Bordetella avium
  • Castanida and Machiavello staining are employed for detecting- Chlamydia
  • The antibodies used against the Rh antigen to prevent Erythroblastosis foetalis- Rhogam
  • The immunoglobulin known as ‘Reagin’- IgE
  • Macrophages present in Kidney are known as- Mesangial cells
  • Interleukin that suppresses the immune response is – IL-10
  • Etiological agent of silage disease is – Listeria.
  • Smallest living organism of individual existence- Mycoplasma
  • Bacillus anthracis have medusa head like colonies in -Nutrient agar
  • Clostridium perfringens type A in animals causes- Gas gangrene
  • The class of immunoglobulin that first appears in primary immune response- IgM
  • Polypeptide chain called secretory component is present in- IgA
  • Docking in dogs can predispose to a conditon called- Perineal Hernia
  • Hoflund’s syndrome is the synonym for- Vagal indigestion
  • Vitamin K dependent clotting factors are- 2,7,9 and 10.
  • Limber neck in poultry is caused by-  Clostridium botulinum type C
  • The amino acid tryptophan act as growth promoter for the microbe- Erysepelothrix
  • The most potent Aflatoxin is-  B1
  • The cytolytic product of CTL cells that forms transmembrane pores in target cells- Perforins
  • Autoimmune disease in which Ig’s are formed against Ach receptors- Myasthenia gravis
  • World’s first veterinary school in – 1762, Lyons, Paris
  • The dog breed that has genetic predisposition for skin tumor- Boxer
  • Gavard’s muscle is the synonym of -Int.obl. muscle layer of stomach.
  • Ventral bending (concave) of the spinal column is called- Lordosis
  • A and M antigens are absent in- B.canis & B.ovis
  • Foothill abortion / BEA in cattle is caused by- Chlamydophila psittaci
  • The antibacterial system naturally present in milk is- Lactoperoxidase system
  • Marsupialization in bitches is done usually to treat- Pyometra
  • Dose of Ivermectin is – 200 micrograms/Kg body weight
  • The breed of cattle which has strong predisposition for Eye Cancer- Hereford
  • Male dog urinates like bitch in – Cystitis
  • Knott test is done to detect Dirofilariosis in dogs

  • Half life of IgG is – 20-21 days
  • Benign tumor of gingiva is called – Epulis
  • The drug used to contract gall bladder (cholecystokinetic)- Ceruletide
  • The type of paralysis produced by the drug piperazine on worms is – flaccid
  • Cart wheel shape chromatin is seen – Plasma cells
  • The most abundant buffer system in plasma- bicarbonate buffer
  • The  smallest animal cell has a diameter of – 2 microns
  • The Fc fragment of Ig’s can be recovered by digestion with the enzyme- Papain
  • Most common respiratory pathogen in canines – Bordetella bronchiseptica (kennel cough)
  • Rabbit ileal loop assay is commonly done for the detection of – ET E.coli
  • Haemo-lymphnodes are commonly seen in – Ruminants
  • Clonal selection theory of antibody production was proposed by- Burnet
  • Biphasic fever in dogs is indicative of – Canine distemper
  • Ramstedt’s surgical procedure is performed to correct- Pyloric stenosis
  • The immediate precursor of thrombocytes are- Megakaryocytes
  • Rouleaux formation in blood smear is a common finding in – Felines
  • Substance required for platelet aggregation is – Thromboxane
  • The interleukin commonly referred as chemokine is – IL-8
  • Rectal pinch test is done for the diagnosis of – Johne’s disease
  • Surgical cat gut is often sterilized by- Isopropyl alcohol or ethylene oxide
  • Giant kidney worm of Dogs is – Dioctophyme renale
  • The sedimentation coefficient of IgG is 7S and IgM is 19S
  • Principal metabolic pathway in RBC is- Glycolysis
  • Tyzzer’s disease in foals and lab animals is caused by – Bacillus piliformis
  • Avian spirochetosis is caused by – Borrelia anserina
  • Colopexy is used to treat- Recurrent rectal prolapse
  • Mouse ascites method is used to production of – Monoclonal antibodies
  • The dog breed having genetic predisposition to cardiac hypertropy- Grey hound
  • Suture technique used for uterine stump closure- Parker kerr method
  • In humans MHC is referred to as HLA complex whereas in mice it is H-2 complex
  • “Paple” shaped abdomen is diagnositic of – Vagus Indigestion
  • Tenesmus followed by bloody dysentery in calves is characteristic of – Eimeria zuernii
  • The coccidial organism commonly found in felines and canines – Isospora (Eimeria absent)
  • “Slime balls” ie., cercarial aggregation  seen in- Dicrocoelium infection.
  • “Grunt” on applying pressure on xiphoid region in cattle is indicative of- TRP
  • Salmon poisoning in dogs caused by -Neorickettsia helmintheca
  • Antibody having least half life is – IgE
  • Genetically mutant mice lacking NK cells is called- Biege (Athymic mice- ‘Nude’)
  • Salivary cyst found in sublingual duct is- Ranula
  • Membrane bound IgM is a – Monomer
  • Class II MHC restricted cells are- T helper cells
  • Lyme disease is caused by –  Spirochete, Borrelia burgdoeferi,  (IH- Ixodes)
  • Antidote for warfarin toxicity is – Vitamin K
  • The drug that intensifies the toxic effects of Warfarin is – Phenyl Butazone
  • The amino acid which is deficient in cats is – Taurine
  • Complement activation is predominantly mediated by – IgM
  • The compound used as gastric sedative in dogs is – Chloretone
  • The receptor for co-stimulating B7 molecules on APC is- CD28
  • Enteroplication is the surgical technique to correct- Intussusception
  • The antibody that can exist as monomer, dimer, trimer and tetramer- IgA.
  • Insulin like growth factor –I is also called as – Somatomedins
  • The diuretic with Aldosterone antagonistic action is – Spironolactone
  • The drug used to experimentally induce diabetes in dogs- Alloxan
  • Allopurinol is the drug of choice for the treatment of – Gout
  • In passive HA, chemical used to coat antigens in RBC- Tannic acid or chromium chloride.
  • Infectious RNA molecule of low molecular weight comes under the category- Viroids
  • Pink eye is caused by Moraxella bovis and Summer pink eye is caused by IBR virus
  • ‘Dew drop’ colonies and satellite phenomenon is exhibited by- Haemophilus
  • 9R is the vaccine strain of – Salmonella Gallinarum
  • Glaucoma, a condition of increased intra ocular pressure is treated using- Acetazolamide
  • Canrenone is the metabolite of – Spironolactone
  • Kanagawa reaction is shown by – Vibrio parahaemolyticum
  • SMEDI in pigs is caused by – Parvo Virus
  • “White Spotted” kidney is a sequelae to – Leptospirosis and E.coli infections
  • Infarcts in kidney of Swine is characteristic of – Erysipelas
  • In GI tract, the antigen transport is carried out by specialized cells called- ‘M’ cells
  • Infectious protein particles causing ‘Scrapie’ in sheep are called- Prions
  • The penicillin which is effective against pseudomonas infection- Carbenicillin
  • Burton’s line in gums is indicative of – Lead poisoning
  • The drug that can replace Ivermectin in sensitive dogs- Milbemycin oxime
  • Jaagsiekte “ Driving Sickness” in sheeps is caused by Retro virus
  • Jaagsiekte is Pulmonary adenomatosis and Visna-Maedi (Retro) is Progressive pneumonia
  • Farmer’s Lung in cattle is caused by – Micropolyspora faeni
  • The virus having a unique ‘double capsid’- Reovirus
  • Viral etiology of neoplasms were first reported by- Ellerman and Bang
  • The group specific antigen of ALV which is commonly used for COFAL test is -p27
  • Recombinant DNA technology was first developed by- Cohen and Boyer
  • Ephemeral fever (3 day sickness) is caused by – Rhabdovirus
  • “Facial Eczema” in cattle is caused by Pithomyces chartarum (fungus with toxin sporidesmin)
  • “Gall Sickness” is the synonym for- Anaplasmosis
  • Antigenic variation in avian influenza virus is largely due to- Genetic Shift
  • MAB technique for producing monoclonal Ig’s was devised by- Kohler and Milstein
  • Bence Jones proteins (light chains of Ig) are present in urine in -Multiple myeloma
  • Rose-Waaler test is used for the detection of -Rheumatoid factor (IgM)
  • The dose of Heparin used as an anticoagulant is- 10-20 IU/ml
  • The media used to select the myeloma cells in MAB technique is- HAT medium
  • The site present in an antibody to which an antigen binds is called- Paratope
  • The vector for Reoviral Blue tongue in sheeps is- Culicoides spp
  • “Pizzle rot” (Ovine Posthitis) in sheeps is caused by- Corynebacterium renale
  • Gid, Sturdy, or Staggers is caused by-Coenurus cerebralis ( T. multiceps)
  • The most commonly used serological test ELISA was developed by- Engvall and Perlman
  • The gene for virulence in ND virus and AI virus are-Fusion gene and HA gene (respectively)
  • ‘Tigroid heart’ in calves is characteristic of- FMD
  • Vascularization of Cornea is known as – Pannus
  • The lesion in eyes of horses due to leptospiral infection – Periodic Ophthalmia
  • “Blue eye” is the synonym for- Infectious Canine Hepatitis (adenovirus)
  • “Hot Spot” (pyotraumatic dermatitis) is caused by- Staphylococcus aureus & S. intermedius.
  • The interleukin often referred to as B cell growth factor is- IL-6
  • FMD virus belongs to the genus- Aphthovirus
  • ‘Dropped Sole’ in horses is a condition due to- Chronic Laminitis
  • The etiological agent of Ephemeral fever in cattle is- Rhabdovirus
  • Feline pan leucopenia is caused by- Parvo virus
  • Avian Influenza is caused by Influenza A virus of the family- Orthomyxoviridae
  • The principal source of Interferon β is – Fibroblasts
  • SAT-1,2 and 3 are types of FMDV originated from- Africa
  • The interleukin responsible for class switching of IgM to IgG is – IL-4
  • The animal species that serves as “ mixing vessel” for Avian and Mammalian flu is – Pig
  • Disinfectant of choice against Anthrax bacilli- Gluteraldehyde (2%)
  • HVT, the vaccine strain used against MDV (serotype I) belongs to- serotype III
  • In birds, Avulavirus is the causative agent of – Newcastle disease
  • The cell surface marker of memory T cells is- CD45RO
  • In ALV infection, the tumor development is due to activation of oncogene called- c-myc
  • Disinfectant of choice against FMD virus- Sodium Carbonate (4%)
  • Staphylorraphy and Uranoplasty are techniques used to correct- Cleft palate
  • Negri bodies for diagnosis of rabies can be detected using- Seller’s stain
  • Malignant tumor of mesenchymal cells is referred as – Sarcoma